Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

In this paper, a new method is introduced for evaluating effects of residual Stress on fatigue life. The ability of ultrasonic method using longitudinal wave with critical angle of refraction or LCR wave in measuring and removing residual Stresses due to welding was used. Two plates of alloy 2024-T351 were welded to each other. To measure their residual Stress field acoustoelastic property was used and the changes in the speed of ultrasonic propagation of elastic waves when passing through the residual Stress fields was investigated. In order to exert the effects of residual Stress on fatigue life, the relations between the coefficients of effective Stress intensity (SIF) and Fatigue Crack Propagation (FCP) rate in a state that the parts were welded together with residual Stress under cyclic loading were obtained. Finally, ultrasonic waves with a certain frequency were used to remove the residual Stresses. Also, the relationships between Stress intensity factor and fatigue crack propagation rate were modified to predict fatigue life after removal of residual Stresses. This method resulted in a 31% increase in fatigue life. The main reason for the increase in life was the plastic area created by the ultrasound wave. Therefore, it can be said that introduced method are suitable for using to remove residual Stress due to welding.

Background and Objectives: Job Stress is among the most common illnesses of our age. Studies indicate that job Stress can stem from personal factors, nature and characteristics of jobs, organizational roles, organizational structure, relations, organization’s management, etc. Therefore, proper understanding and cognizance of job Stress factors and adjusting and reducing them can pave the ground for organization’s improvement and flourishing. The present study aims at investigating job Stress level among I. R. I Police University (IRIPU) graduates working in Tehran Police Stations.method: The present research is of survey type. The variables impacting job Stress dealt with in the present research are: personal features (age and gender), organizational structure, role’s characteristics, training and environmental resources. To assess the impact level of every variable, various methods such as simple and multi-variable regression analysis, Spearman, Man Whitney and CrosKal Wallice correlation coefficient is used. Statistical population of the study is IRIPU graduates (graduated in2001-2006) working in Tehran Police Stations. Statistical sample was randomly selected. With respect to omission of incorrect and incomplete questionnaires 107 correct questionnaires were accepted for statistical analysis.Findings: According to the findings of the study proved that there was no significant relationship between personnel individual characteristics (age, gender, being married) and environmental resources with personnel job Stress; however, there is significant relationship between training, role features, and organizational structure.Conclusion: Based on multi-variable regression analysis, among independent variables organizational structure had the most part in predicting dependent variable behavior.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Engine piston is one of the most complex components among all automotive. The engine can be called the heart of a car and the piston may be considered the most important part of an engine. In fact, piston has to endure thermo-mechanical cyclic loadings in a wide range of operating conditions. This paper presents high cycle fatigue (HCF) life prediction for an aluminum alloy piston using Stress gradient approach described in the Forschungs Kuratorium Maschinenbau (FKM) method. For this purpose, first Solid works software was used to model the piston. Then Ansys Workbench software was used to determine temperature and Stress distribution of the piston. Finally, in order to study the fatigue life of the piston based on HCF approach, the results were fed into the nCode Design life software. The numerical results showed that the temperature maximum occurred at the piston crown center. The results of finite element analysis (FEA) indicated that the Stress and number of cycles to failure have the most critical values at the upper portion of piston pin and piston compression grooves. To evaluate properly of results, Stress analysis and HCF results is compared with real samples of damaged piston and it has been shown that critical identified areas, match well with areas of failure in the real samples. The lifetime of this part can be determined through FEA instead of experimental tests.

2The current research was conducted with the aim of compiling and validating the educational package of the 10th grade religion and life lesson based on Choice Theory. The research method for the stage of designing and compiling the educational package was descriptive-analytical method mixed . The main themes of the training package and the time required for training were taken from written sources such as the model of G schools and internal and external research projects. To validate the package, while using the face validity method, the content validity method was used in a qualitative and quantitative way. It was used with a panel of 14 experts. 14 experts were considered as the statistical population, 10 of them were in the field of psychology, two were in the field of curriculum planning, and two were in the field of education. In addition, two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index were used. The minimum and maximum relative content validity coefficients for each item of the package were calculated as 1 and 0.71, and the content validity index in most sessions reached the number (0.85) for all goals in the educational protocol. The results revealed that the educational package of the Religion and life lesson based on Choice Theory for 10th grade students have good formal and content validity and has the necessary validity for educational applications and research use.